## 2.7 Callback functions

Properties (like `thickness`, `direction`, etc.) can be set at fixed values with `\override`, e.g.

>     \override Stem.thickness = #2.0

Properties can also be set to a Scheme procedure,

>     \override Stem.thickness = #(lambda (grob)
>         (if (= UP (ly:grob-property grob 'direction))
>             2.0
>             7.0))
>     c b a g b a g b

In this case, the procedure is executed as soon as the value of the property is requested during the formatting process.

Most of the typesetting engine is driven by such callbacks. Properties that typically use callbacks include

`stencil`

  The printing routine, that constructs a drawing for the symbol

`X-offset`

  The routine that sets the horizontal position

`X-extent`

  The routine that computes the width of an object

The procedure always takes a single argument, being the grob.

That procedure may access the usual value of the property, by first calling the function that is the usual callback for that property, which can by found in the Internals Reference or the file ’define-grobs.scm’:

>     \relative c'' {
>       \override Flag #'X-offset = #(lambda (flag)
>         (let ((default (ly:flag::calc-x-offset flag)))
>           (* default 4.0)))
>       c4. d8 a4. g8
>     }

If routines with multiple arguments must be called, the current grob can be inserted with a grob closure. Here is a setting from `AccidentalSuggestion`,

>     `(X-offset .
>       ,(ly:make-simple-closure
>         `(,+
>             ,(ly:make-simple-closure
>                (list ly:self-alignment-interface::centered-on-x-parent))
>           ,(ly:make-simple-closure
>                (list ly:self-alignment-interface::x-aligned-on-self)))))

In this example, both `ly:self-alignment-interface::x-aligned-on-self` and `ly:self-alignment-interface::centered-on-x-parent` are called with the grob as argument. The results are added with the `+` function. To ensure that this addition is properly executed, the whole thing is enclosed in `ly:make-simple-closure`.

In fact, using a single procedure as property value is equivalent to

>     (ly:make-simple-closure (ly:make-simple-closure (list proc)))

The inner `ly:make-simple-closure` supplies the grob as argument to proc, the outer ensures that result of the function is returned, rather than the `simple-closure` object.

From within a callback, the easiest method for evaluating a markup is to use grob-interpret-markup. For example:

>     my-callback = #(lambda (grob)
>                      (grob-interpret-markup grob (markup "foo")))

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