# B. Cheat sheet

Syntax | Description | Example
`1 2 8 16` | durations |
`c4. c4..` | augmentation dots |
`c d e f g a b` | scale |
`fis bes` | alteration |
`\clef treble \clef bass` | clefs |
`\time 3/4 \time 4/4` | time signature |
`r4 r8` | rest |
`d ~ d` | tie |
`\key es \major` | key signature |
note`'` | raise octave |
note`,` | lower octave |
`c( d e)` | slur |
`c\( c( d) e\)` | phrasing slur |
`a8[ b]` | beam |
`<< \new Staff … >>` | more staves |
`c-> c-.` | articulations |
`c2\mf c\sfz` | dynamics |
`a\< a a\!` | crescendo |
`a\> a a\!` | decrescendo |
`< >` | chord |
`\partial 8` | pickup / upbeat |
`\tuplet 3/2 {f g a}` | triplets |
`\grace` | grace notes |
`\lyricmode { twinkle }` | entering lyrics | twinkle
`\new Lyrics` | printing lyrics |
`twin -- kle` | lyric hyphen |
`\chordmode { c:dim f:maj7 }` | chords |
`\context ChordNames` | printing chord names |
`<<{e f} \\ {c d}>>` | polyphony |
`s4 s8 s16` | spacer rests |

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#### LilyPond — Notation Reference v2.18.2 (稳定分支).